Carinostoma Kratochvíl, 1958
Carinostoma comprises three closely related European species from the Northern to Central Balkan. Species are black in basic color, small and relatively short-legged. Silver spots can be present on the dorsal scute. The combination of male genital morphology with a bifid penial glans, male cheliceral apophyses with a single excretion porus and rows of bridgethorns as dorsal armament characterize Carinostoma within the Nemastomatidae (Martens 1978).
Taxonomy and Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships
Carinostoma is included in a group of Nemastomatidae exhibiting bifid penial glandes and male cheliceral glands with a single excretion porus, which is supported by molecular data (Schönhofer and Martens 2010, 2012). Within the genus differences in dorsal armament, male cheliceral apophyses and penis morphology discriminate the species (Karaman 1995).
Ecology and Life History
Carinostoma species inhabit different forest communities with structured soil surface habitats. Microhabitat preferences are not clear, as in some areas close proximity to water is required while in others, drier microclimates seem to be accepted. There is a shift towards a preference of higher altitudes in more southern populations. The degree of silver spots varies by species, but also by geography, and exhibits strong contrast when species occur in sympatry.
References
Karaman, I. M. 1995. Fauna opilionida (Arachnida, Opiliones) durmitorskog podrucja. Master thesis. Prirodno-matematicki fakultet Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
Kratochvíl, J. 1958. Höhlenweberknechte Bulgariens (Palpatores — Nemastomatidae). Práce Brnenské základny Ceskoslovenské akademie ved 30 (12):523-576.
Martens, J. 1978. Spinnentiere, Arachnida - Weberknechte, Opiliones. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 64:1-464.
Schönhofer, A. L. and J. Martens. 2010. On the identity of Ischyropsalis dentipalpis Canestrini, 1872 and description of Ischyropsalis lithoclasica sp. n. (Opiliones: Ischyropsalididae). Zootaxa 2613: 1-14.
Schönhofer, A. L. and J. Martens. 2012. The enigmatic Alpine opilionid Saccarella schilleri gen. n., sp. n. (Arachnida: Nemastomatidae) - isolated systematic placement inferred from comparative genital morphology. Organisms diversity and Evolution.
Credits
Page created by Axel L. Schönhofer. Angela DiDomenico helped improve the English.
Taxonomy and Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships
Carinostoma is included in a group of Nemastomatidae exhibiting bifid penial glandes and male cheliceral glands with a single excretion porus, which is supported by molecular data (Schönhofer and Martens 2010, 2012). Within the genus differences in dorsal armament, male cheliceral apophyses and penis morphology discriminate the species (Karaman 1995).
Ecology and Life History
Carinostoma species inhabit different forest communities with structured soil surface habitats. Microhabitat preferences are not clear, as in some areas close proximity to water is required while in others, drier microclimates seem to be accepted. There is a shift towards a preference of higher altitudes in more southern populations. The degree of silver spots varies by species, but also by geography, and exhibits strong contrast when species occur in sympatry.
References
Karaman, I. M. 1995. Fauna opilionida (Arachnida, Opiliones) durmitorskog podrucja. Master thesis. Prirodno-matematicki fakultet Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
Kratochvíl, J. 1958. Höhlenweberknechte Bulgariens (Palpatores — Nemastomatidae). Práce Brnenské základny Ceskoslovenské akademie ved 30 (12):523-576.
Martens, J. 1978. Spinnentiere, Arachnida - Weberknechte, Opiliones. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 64:1-464.
Schönhofer, A. L. and J. Martens. 2010. On the identity of Ischyropsalis dentipalpis Canestrini, 1872 and description of Ischyropsalis lithoclasica sp. n. (Opiliones: Ischyropsalididae). Zootaxa 2613: 1-14.
Schönhofer, A. L. and J. Martens. 2012. The enigmatic Alpine opilionid Saccarella schilleri gen. n., sp. n. (Arachnida: Nemastomatidae) - isolated systematic placement inferred from comparative genital morphology. Organisms diversity and Evolution.
Credits
Page created by Axel L. Schönhofer. Angela DiDomenico helped improve the English.
